Quick answer: Yes. Almost anyone can be sued, including individuals, businesses and landlords, as long as the plaintiff has a legal claim and files in the right court. Being sued does not mean you did something wrong. If you are served, respond before the deadline. Ignoring a lawsuit can lead to a default judgment against you.
Key takeaways
- Anyone can file a lawsuit, but not every lawsuit will succeed.
- The most common triggers are accidents, unpaid debts, contracts and property disputes.
- Federal court gives you 21 days after service to answer. State deadlines differ.
- Never ignore court papers, because a default judgment can follow.
- Insurance may cover your defense, so notify your insurer quickly.
Common reasons people get sued
- Accidents and injuries: a crash, a fall on your property or a dog bite. See our guide to how to fight a personal injury lawsuit.
- Unpaid debt: a creditor or collector sues over an old account. Read how to get a debt lawsuit dismissed and know your debt collector rights.
- Contracts: a missed payment, a broken service agreement or a business dispute.
- Landlord and tenant issues: unpaid rent, damage or deposit disputes.
- Employment claims: discrimination or retaliation claims against an employer.
- Company practices: businesses can face lawsuits from customers. See what a class action lawsuit is.
What happens if you are served
You will receive a summons and a complaint. The summons tells you how long you have to respond. In federal court you generally have 21 days after service, and state courts set their own deadlines. If you do nothing, the plaintiff can ask the judge for a default judgment, which can lead to wage garnishment or bank levies in many states.
Steps to take right away
- Read the papers and note the deadline.
- Do not ignore or throw anything away. Keep the envelope and papers.
- Call your insurance company if the claim could be covered, such as homeowners, auto or business insurance.
- Gather your records: contracts, messages, photos and receipts.
- Talk to a lawyer. Many offer a free first consultation.
- File a timely response. This can be an answer or a motion to dismiss.
Can a lawsuit against you be dismissed?
Yes, in some cases. A court can dismiss a case that was filed too late, in the wrong court, against the wrong person, or without a valid legal claim. Whether any of these apply to you depends on your facts. To see how the case unfolds if it continues, read what a lawsuit is and how long a lawsuit takes.
Frequently asked questions
Can I be sued for no reason?
Someone can file a weak or unfair case, but the plaintiff still has to prove it. Courts can dismiss baseless claims, and some states let a defendant seek costs in certain situations.
Can I be sued without knowing?
The defendant must be formally served, but if service is done incorrectly or papers go to an old address, you could miss it. Check your court records if you suspect a case.
Can I be sued for something I did years ago?
Only within the time limit for that claim, called the statute of limitations. See our personal injury statute of limitations guide as an example.
Can I be sued after a settlement?
Usually not for the same claim if you signed a release. See whether a lawsuit can be reopened after settlement.
What if I cannot afford a lawyer?
Ask your local court about self help centers, legal aid groups and bar association referral programs. Insurance may also provide a defense lawyer.
This article is general information, not legal advice. Deadlines are strict, so speak with a licensed attorney as soon as you are served.